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A manual for a computer science teacher

5th grade, 2nd quarter (7–8 lessons)

Topics :

  1. Programming Basics: Familiarity with the basics of text-based programming (e.g. Python or visual programming environments like Scratch but with more complex projects).
  2. Working with tables: complex calculations using formulas, creating graphs, sorting and filtering data.
  3. Cybersecurity: the basics of data protection, what viruses are, phishing, rules for using complex passwords.

Lesson 1: Introduction to Python/Scratch Programming Basics

Objective:
To introduce students to the basics of programming using text or visual environments such as Python or Scratch (with more complex projects).

Lesson plan:

  1. Introduction to programming (5 min).
    • Discussion: what is programming and why is it needed.
    • A brief explanation of the Python or Scratch programming language.
  2. Basic commands and syntax (10 min).
    • Introduction to basic constructs (e.g. in Python – print(), variables; in Scratch – action blocks).
  3. Practice: first task (15 min).
    • Students create a simple program: in Python, a program that prints text on the screen; in Scratch, a program that performs an action on a character.
  4. Discussion of errors and their correction (10 min).
    • Working with typical errors (syntax errors in code, logical errors).
  5. Reflection and summing up (5 min).
    • Questions: “What is the most difficult thing in programming? How to fix a bug?”

Homework:
Create a small program at home (depending on the language you choose).

Lesson 2: Going Deeper into Programming – Variables and Loops

Objective:
To teach students the use of variables and loops in programming.

Lesson plan:

  1. Review of the material from the previous lesson (5 min.).
    • Questions: “What is programming?”
  2. Introduction to variables (10 min).
    • Explanation: what are variables and why are they needed in programs.
    • Example: a program with variables to store data.
  3. Working with cycles (15 min).
    • Introduction to loops: how to create repeating actions (in Python, a loop for, in Scratch, a “repeat” block).
    • Practice: Students create a program using a loop.
  4. Practical work (10 min).
    • Students create a program with variables and a loop to perform a simple task (for example, print numbers from 1 to 10).
  5. Reflection and summing up (5 min).
    • Questions: “What is a loop? Why are variables needed?”

Homework:
Create a program with a loop and a variable.

Lesson 3: Working with Spreadsheets – Introduction and Advanced Calculations

Objective:
To teach students to work with tables and use formulas for complex calculations.

Lesson plan:

  1. Introduction to Spreadsheets (5 min).
    • Questions: “What are tables for?”
  2. Creating a table and entering data (10 min.)
    • Demonstration: Creating a table and entering data into cells (for example, school grade data).
  3. Working with formulas (15 min).
    • Explanation: what are formulas in tables (summation, multiplication and other operations).
    • Practice: Students enter simple formulas to perform calculations in a table.
  4. Complex calculation task (10 min).
    • Students create a table to calculate the average grade for subjects or calculations for a given problem.
  5. Reflection and summing up (5 min).
    • Questions: “How are formulas used in tables?”

Homework:
Create a table at home and perform calculations using formulas.

Lesson 4: Working with tables – creating charts, sorting and filtering data

Objective:
To teach students to create graphs, sort and filter data in tables.

Lesson plan:

  1. Review of the material from the previous lesson (5 min.).
    • Questions: “How to use formulas for calculations in tables?”
  2. Creating graphs (15 min).
    • Explanation: How data in tables can be presented graphically.
    • Practice: Students create a graph based on table data (e.g., a performance chart).
  3. Sorting data (10 min).
    • Demonstration: How to sort data in ascending/descending order.
    • Practice: sorting data in a table.
  4. Filtering data (10 min).
    • Explanation: How to filter data to select the information you need.
    • Practical task: filtering data according to specified conditions (for example, ratings above a certain value).
  5. Reflection and summing up (5 min).
    • Questions: “How to use sorting and filtering to work with big data?”

Homework:
Create a table with a graph and apply sorting and filtering.

Lesson 5: Cybersecurity Basics – Data Protection and Passwords

Objective:
To introduce students to the basics of cybersecurity, explain what data protection is and how to create strong passwords.

Lesson plan:

  1. Introduction to Cybersecurity (5 min).
    • Discussion: What is cybersecurity? Why do you need to protect your data?
  2. Passwords and their protection (10 min).
    • Explanation: what is a strong password, how to create it (a strong password should contain letters, numbers, special characters).
    • Examples of strong and weak passwords.
  3. Practical task: creating a password (10 min).
    • Students create their own passwords and rate their strength.
  4. Storing passwords (10 min).
    • Explanation: How and where to store passwords securely (password managers, avoiding using one password for all sites).
  5. Reflection and summing up (5 min).
    • Questions: “How to protect your data with a strong password?”

Homework:
Create and write down at home a strong password for your account using the principles discussed in class.

Lesson 6: Cybersecurity Basics – Viruses and Phishing

Objective:
To teach students the basics of virus and phishing protection.

Lesson plan:

  1. Introduction to Computer Viruses (10 min).
    • Discussion: what are viruses, how do they get on a computer, what the consequences can be.
    • Examples of viruses and their impact on data.
  2. Protection against viruses (10 min).
    • Explanation: how to protect yourself from viruses (antivirus programs, updates, be careful when downloading files).
    • Demonstration: How antivirus software works.
  3. What is phishing? (10 min).
    • Explanation: How phishing attacks are aimed at obtaining data (fake emails, links).
    • Examples of phishing attacks and how to recognize them.
  4. Practical task (10 min).
    • Students analyze sample emails and websites to identify signs of phishing.
  5. Reflection and summing up (5 min).
    • Questions: “What should I do to avoid becoming a victim of viruses or phishing?”

Homework:
Study the antivirus program at home and check your computer for threats.

Lesson 7: Summary and practical work

Objective:
To consolidate knowledge of programming, working with tables and cybersecurity through practical assignments.

Lesson plan:

  1. Review of the material covered (10 min).
    • Questions on all topics: programming, tables, cybersecurity.
  2. Practical work (25 min).
    • Students complete tasks to create a program, work with tables (formulas, graphs), and discuss cybersecurity rules.
  3. Summing up the quarter (10 min.)
    • Discussion: what was the most difficult and interesting during this period.

Conclusion

The manual is designed for 7-8 lessons, which will allow 5th grade students to deepen their knowledge of programming, working with tables and the basics of cybersecurity, as well as acquire skills for their practical application.