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A manual for a computer science teacher

2nd grade, 2nd quarter (7 lessons)

The purpose of the lessons : To teach children the basics of algorithmic thinking, simple principles of creating images on a computer and internet safety, with an emphasis on protecting personal data.

Lesson plan

Lesson 1: Introduction to Algorithms – Simple Instructions

Topic : What is an Algorithm? Basics of Instruction Creation

Objectives:

  • Explain what an algorithm is and how it is used to solve problems.
  • Teach children to create simple instructions for performing actions.

Materials:

  • Presentation with examples of algorithms (for example, step-by-step actions).
  • Visual programming environment Scratch.

Lesson plan:

  1. Introduction (5 minutes)
    • Explain that an algorithm is a set of steps that must be followed to achieve a goal (for example, how to brush your teeth).
  2. Example of algorithm (10 minutes)
    • An example of a simple algorithm in real life: how to make a sandwich (step by step).
    • Transferring the example to the computer: how to make a Scratch character move around the scene.
  3. Practical part (20 minutes)
    • In Scratch: Create an algorithm that makes a character walk across the screen and greet the audience.
    • Discuss with children how each step leads to completing the task.
  4. Conclusion (5 minutes)
    • To sum it up: algorithms help you achieve your goals step by step.

Lesson 2: Creating Simple Algorithms in Scratch

Topic : Basics of programming in the visual environment Scratch

Objectives:

  • To consolidate the skills of creating simple algorithms using Scratch.
  • Teach children to control characters and animation.

Materials:

  • Computers with Scratch installed.

Lesson plan:

  1. Introduction (5 minutes)
    • Review what an algorithm is and discuss the previous lesson.
  2. Working in Scratch (10 minutes)
    • Show how to use commands to control a character: movements, sounds, interaction with other objects.
  3. Practical part (20 minutes)
    • Ask children to create their own algorithm in Scratch: a character must walk across the screen, say something, or do something.
    • Encourage teams to experiment to achieve results.
  4. Conclusion (5 minutes)
    • Discuss how algorithms help control the actions of characters.

Lesson 3: Creating Simple Images

Topic : Working with graphic editors

Objectives:

  • To introduce children to the basic tools of graphic editors.
  • Learn how to create simple images and save them on your computer.

Materials:

  • A drawing program (such as Paint or another graphics editor).

Lesson plan:

  1. Introduction (5 minutes)
    • Discuss how you can draw on a computer and talk about the functions of graphic editors.
  2. Graphic editor tools (10 minutes)
    • Show basic tools: pencil, brush, eraser, color selection.
  3. Practical part (20 minutes)
    • Ask children to create a simple image (such as a house or a tree) using available tools.
    • Show how to save a drawing on your computer.
  4. Conclusion (5 minutes)
    • To sum it up: creating drawings on the computer helps develop creative skills.

Lesson 4: Editing Images

Topic : Working with editing tools in graphic editors

Objectives:

  • Teach children to edit images: change their parts, use different colors.
  • Repeat the process of saving and opening files.

Materials:

  • Drawing program.

Lesson plan:

  1. Introduction (5 minutes)
    • Remind them how to create images and discuss how to edit what they have drawn.
  2. Practical demonstration (10 minutes)
    • Show how to change parts of an image (e.g. recolor, remove objects, add new elements).
  3. Practical part (20 minutes)
    • Give children the task of changing their previous drawings: adding new details, changing the color or size of objects.
    • Help children save changes to a new file.
  4. Conclusion (5 minutes)
    • Discuss how editing can help improve images.

Lesson 5: Internet Safety Basics

Topic : Why is it important to protect personal data?

Objectives:

  • To introduce children to the basics of Internet safety.
  • Explain what personal data is and why it needs to be protected.

Materials:

  • Presentation on Internet security with simple examples.

Lesson plan:

  1. Introduction (5 minutes)
    • Explain what the Internet is and why it is important to be careful when working online.
  2. Personal data (10 minutes)
    • Explain what personal information (name, address, photos) is and why it cannot be distributed without parental permission.
    • Provide examples of situations where personal data may be stolen or misused.
  3. Practical part – discussion (20 minutes)
    • Have a discussion with your children about what they can do to protect themselves online (not sharing passwords, not giving personal information to strangers).
    • Examples of rules for safe behavior on the Internet.
  4. Conclusion (5 minutes)
    • To sum it up, we should always be careful about what we do and post on the internet.

Lesson 6: Review of working with images and algorithms

Topic : Reinforcing skills in working with graphic editors and Scratch

Objectives:

  • Repeat working with graphic editors.
  • To consolidate the skills of creating algorithms in Scratch.

Materials:

  • Computers with drawing and Scratch programs.

Lesson plan:

  1. Introduction (5 minutes)
    • Remind children what they learned in previous lessons: drawing and algorithms.
  2. Practical part – drawing (15 minutes)
    • Ask the children to draw a new picture and save it.
    • Discuss how you can use various editing tools to enhance an image.
  3. Practical part – Scratch (15 minutes)
    • Ask children to create a new algorithm for their character: add movement, sound or interaction.
    • Help the children save the project.
  4. Conclusion (5 minutes)
    • Discuss the successes and difficulties that children encountered in completing the tasks.

Lesson 7: Final Lesson – Graphics and Algorithms Project

Topic : Creating a final project – image or animation

Objectives:

  • To consolidate the knowledge and skills acquired during the quarter.
  • Give children the opportunity to show creativity through the creation of projects.

Materials:

  • Computers with a graphics editor and Scratch.

Lesson plan:

  1. Introduction (5 minutes)
    • Discuss with the children what they would like to do in the final lesson: draw a picture or create an animation in Scratch.
  2. Practical part (30 minutes)
    • Ask children to create their final project: either a picture or an animation with a character.
    • Help children if difficulties arise.
  3. Presentation of projects (10 minutes)
    • Allow children to show their work to the class, discuss their progress and what they learned.
  4. Conclusion (5 minutes)
    • Summarize the quarter: discuss what was interesting, what skills the children learned, and congratulate them on completing their projects.

This tutorial will help students develop algorithmic thinking skills, creative work with images, and learn the basics of internet safety.